Umahluko phakathi kombane wesigaba esinye, umbane wesigaba esibini, kunye nombane wesigaba esithathu

Umbane wesigaba esinye kunye nombane wesigaba esibini ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngombane, kwaye kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwazo kwimo kunye nevolthi yokudluliselwa kombane.

Umbane wesigaba esinye ubhekisa kuhlobo lokudluliselwa kwamandla oluquka umgca wesigaba esinye kunye nomgca omnye ongathathi cala. Umgca wesigaba, owaziwa ngokuba yi-live wire, unika amandla kumthwalo, ngelixa umgca ongathathi cala usebenza njengendlela yokubuya komsinga. I-voltage yombane wesigaba esinye yi-220 volts, eyi-voltage phakathi komgca wesigaba kunye nomgca ongathathi cala.

Kwiindawo zasekhaya nezeofisi, umbane wesigaba esinye lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lombane. Kwelinye icala, umbane wesigaba esibini yisekethe yombane equlathe imigca emibini yesigaba, ebizwa ngokuba ngumbane wesigaba esibini. Kumbane wesigaba esibini, i-voltage phakathi kwemigca yesigaba ibizwa ngokuba yi-line voltage, edla ngokuba yi-380 volts.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-voltage yombane wesigaba esinye yi-voltage ephakathi komgca wesigaba kunye nomgca ongathathi cala, obizwa ngokuba yi-phase voltage. Kwimizi-mveliso nakwizixhobo ezithile zasekhaya, ezinje ngoomatshini bokuwelda, umbane wesigaba esibini usetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ngamafutshane, umahluko ophambili phakathi kombane wesigaba esinye kunye nombane wesigaba esibini yindlela kunye nevolthi yokudlulisela umbane. Umbane wesigaba esinye uqulathe umgca wesigaba esinye kunye nomgca ongathathi cala, ofanelekileyo kwiindawo zasekhaya naseofisini, kwaye ivolthi yi-220 volts. Umbane wesigaba esibini uqulathe imigca yesigaba esibini, efanelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso nakwizixhobo ezithile zasekhaya, enevolthi ye-380 volts.

Umbane wesigaba esinye: ngokuqhelekileyo ubhekisa kuyo nayiphi na intambo yesigaba (eyaziwa ngokuba yintambo ephilayo) + umgca ongathathi cala kumbane we-AC wesigaba sesithathu se-380V, i-voltage yi-220V, umgca wesigaba uya kukhanya xa ulinganiswa ngepeni yombane eqhelekileyo ene-voltage ephantsi, kwaye umgca ongathathi cala awuyi kukhanya. Ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. I-single-phase yiyo nayiphi na intambo yesigaba kwizigaba ezintathu ukuya kumgca ongathathi cala. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"live wire" kunye ne-"neutral wire". Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwi-220V, 50Hz AC. I-voltage yesigaba esinye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"phase voltage" kubunjineli bombane.
Umbane onamabakala amathathu: Umbane owenziwe zii-AC potentials ezintathu ezine-frequency efanayo, i-amplitude elinganayo, kunye nomahluko wesigaba se-120 degrees ubizwa ngokuba yi-AC power supply yesigaba sesithathu. Yenziwa yi-AC generator yesigaba sesithathu. I-AC yesigaba esinye esetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla inikezelwa yisigaba esinye sombane onamabakala amathathu we-AC. Umbane onamabakala amathathu we-AC oveliswa yi-generator yesigaba esinye awusetyenziswa rhoqo.

Iintambo ze-transformer zemitha ye-watt-hour ezi-3 zesigaba esinye
Umahluko phakathi kombane wesigaba esinye kunye nombane wesigaba sesithathu kukuba amandla aveliswa yijenereyitha anezigaba ezintathu, kwaye isigaba ngasinye sombane wesigaba sesithathu kunye nendawo yaso engathathi hlangothi sinokwenza isekethe yesigaba esinye ukubonelela ngamandla ombane kubasebenzisi. Ngamafutshane, umbane wesigaba sesithathu uneengcingo zesigaba ezintathu (iintambo eziphilayo) kunye nocingo olunye olungathathi hlangothi (okanye ucingo olungathathi hlangothi), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa iintambo zesigaba ezintathu kuphela. Ngokomgangatho waseTshayina, i-voltage phakathi kweengcingo zesigaba yi-380 volts AC, kwaye i-voltage phakathi kweengcingo zesigaba kunye neengcingo ezingathathi hlangothi yi-220 volts AC. Umbane wesigaba esinye unocingo olunye oluphilayo kunye nocingo olunye olungathathi hlangothi, kwaye i-voltage phakathi kwazo yi-220 volts AC. I-alternating current yesigaba sesithathu yindibaniselwano yamaqela amathathu e-alternating currents yesigaba esinye ene-amplitude efanayo, i-frequency efanayo, kunye nomahluko wesigaba se-120°. Umbane wesigaba esinye yindibaniselwano yayo nayiphi na ingcingo yesigaba kunye nocingo olungathathi hlangothi kumbane wesigaba sesithathu.

Umkhuseli wokuvuza okrelekrele waseNan-Dou-Xing (Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla akrelekrele)
Zithini iingenelo zokuthelekisa ezi zimbini? I-AC yesigaba sesithathu ineengenelo ezininzi kune-AC yesigaba esinye. Ineengenelo ezicacileyo ekuveliseni umbane, ekudluliseni nasekusasazeni, nasekuguquleni amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini. Umzekelo, ukwenziwa kweejenereyitha zesigaba sesithathu kunye neetransformer kusindisa izinto xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kweejenereyitha zesigaba esinye kunye neetransformer ezinomthamo ofanayo, kwaye ulwakhiwo lulula kwaye ukusebenza kugqwesileyo. Umzekelo, umthamo wemoto yesigaba sesithathu eyenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo mkhulu ngama-50% kunowemoto yesigaba esinye. Phantsi kwemeko yokudlulisa amandla afanayo, umgca wokudlulisa wesigaba sesithathu unokonga ama-25% eentsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous xa kuthelekiswa nomgca wokudlulisa wesigaba esinye, kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla kungaphantsi kunokomgca wokudlulisa wesigaba esinye.